- Clarify the notion of electronegativity and how electron distribution within a molecule shapes its reactivity.
- Define and distinguish the roles of nucleophiles, electrophiles, and leaving groups within chemical reactions.
- Characterize an organic chemical reaction and its step-by-step process using precise terminology and symbols, including lone pairs, curly arrows, reactants, reagents, products, catalysts, intermediates, and transition states.
- Illustrate reaction mechanisms employing appropriate notations.
- Elucidate the disparities between the fundamental categories of reactions: addition, elimination, and substitution.
- Outline the characteristic reactivity patterns associated with primary functional groups.